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History of Iran

The history of Iran can be divided into the Pre-Islamic period and the Islamic period. The pre-Islamic period includes six civilizations: Elamites (4^th millennium to 1^st millennium B.C), Maiden (1^st millennium B.C), Achaemenids (550-330 B.C), Sulucids (312-247 B.C), Parthians (247 B.C-224 A.D), and Sassanians (224-651 A.D).

In 651 A.D, Muslim Arabs conquered Iran and declined Zoroastrianism. It was the beginning of the Irano-Islamic period which lasts until today.

Pre-Islamic period

Iran is a cradle of human civilization. In the late 4th and early 3rd millennium, B.C. Elamite civilization flourished on the lowland Khuzestan, in the South-west of Iran. In the late 2nd millennium B.C. the Iranians migration southward from the Central Asian Steppes Iranian plateau began. By the mid-9th century B.C. two major groups of Iranians have been dominant forces on the plateau: the Medes and the Persians.

In 550 B.C., the Persians defeated the Medes, and the Achaemenid kings appeared on the international scene. The Parthian and Sassanian dynasties ruled Iran successively. In 625 the Muslim armies defeated the Sassanians and the majority of Iranians converted to Islam, attracted by the divine teaching of this religion.

Islamic period

After the Arab invasion of Iran, the Tahirids were the first independent Iranian Muslim dynasty established in Iran (820 A.D). The Samanids and the Buyids also made great attempts to bring to fruition the Iranian Renaissance. In 1216 the Mongols, sweeping in with a relentless fury, obliterated many Iranian cities.

In the Safavid period (1501-1736) when Iran gained a powerful dynasty, the country made great progress. The Afsharids and Zands were the next dynasties that ruled Iran successively in the 18th century. The 19th century, when the Qajars reigned over Iran, was a time of disintegration for the country. Many events, both internal and external, caused it to fall into decay. In 1925, after the deposition of the last Qajar shah, Reza Khan transferred sovereignty to himself.

Under the reign of Reza Shah and his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the increasing political and economic dependence on western countries as well as disrespect to religious values raised hatred of people for the Pahlavi regime. This hatred was manifested in demonstrations against the government under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini in 1978. Eventually, these demonstrations lead to the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1979.

Iran Tour & Travel Packages

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13 Days Iran Birdwatching Tour
13 Days - 12 Nights
Join our Iran Birdwatching Tour for 13 days to experience Middle East’s second largest country that offers a great deal to the intrepid and curious traveler.

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12 Days Iran Classic Tour with a Taste of Persian Gulf
12 Days - 11 Nights
Iran Classic Tour with a taste of Persian Gulf program (which is a part of our Persia Classic Tour series) includes the natural and historical attractions of central parts of Iran and Qeshm Island in the Persian Gulf.

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20% OFF!
14 Days Persia Classic Tour
From€ 1,352€ 1,127
14 Days & 13 Nights
Iran is a country with endless history and tradition and in Persia Classic Tour you explore both ancient Persia and modern Iran.

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12 Days Iran Ski Tour – Sahand & Sabalan Mountains
12 Days & 11 Nights
This trip will give you an unbelievable skiing experience and new insights into a different culture. We offer ski tours that suit every budget. Our program is flexible and will give you about 12 days of skiing in Sahand and Sabalan Mountains.

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13 Days Persian Carpet Tour
13 Days - 12 Nights
In this 13-day trip, the “Persian Carpet” can only be part of the Persian carpet culture that belongs to the central Iranian regions.

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16 Days Iran UNESCO Sites Tour
16 Days - 15 Nights
Our 16 days journey has tailored to take you across some part of this ancient land. Discovering Iran’s complex culture, Iranians’ warm hospitality and endless layers of history will be possible by this trip.

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9 Days Ski tour in Iran – Damavand
9 Days & 8 Nights
When first thinking about it, it might appear to be an absurd idea to go to Iran to play ski. But this is a trip that will give you an unbelievable skiing experience and new insights into a different culture.

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6 Days Iran Wildlife Tour
6 Days - 5 Nights
Iran wildlife tour is an adventure tour designed especially for individual travelers and small groups who respect wildlife. Join us for an exciting trip to Iran to visit the natural wildlife.

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1 Day Tehran Classic Day Tour
1 Day
Join us for Tehran Classic Day Tour to show you Tehran beyond your expectations. Explore the heart and historic core of Tehran by visiting Golestan Palace, Jewelry Museum or Carpet Museum, the National Museum, Tehran Grand Bazaar.

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Exploring Iran Classic by Train in 10 Days
10 Days - 9 Nights
Exploring Iran Classic by Train program includes the natural and historical attractions of central parts of Iran.

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15 Days Iran Cultural – Natural Tour
15 Days & 14 Nights
In 15 days, you will explore Persia by visiting the natural and historical heritage from central to southern parts of Iran.

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8 Days Iran Silk Road Tour
8 Days - 7 Nights
In Iran Silk Road Tour, we experience some of the most eminent historical sites across Iran: ancient archaeology, teeming bazaars, majestic mosques, and astounding desert route.

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15 Days Cycling Tour in Iran – Classic Route
15 Days - 14 Nights
This cycling tour offers an opportunity to visit the cultural and major heritage sites of the great cities of Iran, mainly with bicycle.

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10 Days “Yoga into Classic Iran“ Tour
10 Days & 9 Nights
To Iran Tour offers you an opportunity to explore one of the world’s oldest civilizations, with a rich culture, history, and magnificent natural landscapes in a healthy joyful way.

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8 Days Ski touring in Iran – Zagros Mountains
8 Days - 7 Nights
When first thinking about it, it might appear to be an absurd idea to go to Iran to play ski. But this is a trip that will give you an unbelievable skiing experience and new insights into a different culture.

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1 Day North of Tehran Tour
1 Day
Join us for North of Tehran Tour to show you Tehran beyond your expectations. Explore modern Tehran. Visit Sa’ad Abad Palace, Niavaran Palace, Tajrish bazaar, Tabiat bridge.

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3 Days Exploring Alamut Valley Tour
3 Days & 2 Nights
This is a tour through the depth and breadth of Alborz mountain range and through a fascinating slice of Persian history.

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9 Days Iran Mysterious Island Tour
9 Days - 8 Nights
Landing to PERSIA. Our 9-day Iran mysterious Island tour includes the natural and historical attractions of the central and southern parts of Iran, focusing on Qeshm Island.

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13 Days Iran Silk Road Tour
13 Days - 12 Nights
In Iran Silk Road Tour, we experience some of the most eminent historical sites across Iran: ancient archaeology, teeming bazaars, majestic mosques, and astounding desert route.

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7 Days Natures Treasures & Horseback Riding Tour
7 Days & 6 Nights
With our Natures Treasures & Horseback Riding Tour we will show you the most sensational places in Golestan province in just 7 days and take you on amazing adventures.

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6 Days Exploring the Nature of North in Iran
6 Days - 5 Nights
Exploring the Nature of North in Iran Tour program includes the natural and historical attractions of northern parts of Iran.

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22 Days Explore Lut Desert Safari Tour
22 Days & 21 Nights
Our 22-day trip program, entitled “Desert and Oasis Tour of Iran”, includes the natural and historical attractions of the central regions of Iran.

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10 Days Eco-Yoga Retreat in Iran
10 Days - 9 Nights
In this eco-yoga retreat, you have this opportunity to just be yourself. Our Yoga retreat tour takes place in amazing mountain villages of Ardabil province in the north-west of Iran.

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9 Days Persian Theme Tour
9 Days - 8 Nights
From a long time ago, the land of Persia has been known for its carpet. In fact, Iranian taste and aesthetic are manifested in the pictograph of the carpets. The Persian carpet is a media of communication.

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18 Days Iran Archeological Tour
18 Days & 17 Nights
Join us in Iran Archeological Tour and learn about the archaeology, architecture, and the art of our fascinating country. Iran is home to some truly amazing sights and sites.

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15 Days Persia Health and Lifestyle Tour
15 Days - 14 Nights
In this tour, you will delve deeper into the healthy lifestyle of traditional Persians. You get familiar with Persian Traditional Medicine and Humorism.

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Feel Classic Persia by 5 Senses Tour
From€ 1,600
12 Days - 11 Nights
With this Iran 5 Senses tour, you have a chance to do things that usually tourists do not do in Iran, like making ceramics with your hands and visiting musical instrument-making workshops, etc.

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